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1. Immigrants – School should help to integrate all children. Teachers of German as a second language and experts in inclusive education support immigrant children during their lessons and outside the classroom.
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2. Other special needs – In order to meet these needs, lay people help teachers during school time – retirees, young people doing their civic service, and others who have not received any specific pedagogical training.
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3. New technologies, new media – Experts and representatives of industry insist that children should get to grips with new technologies at an early age. Using small robots like the Bee-Bot, children can have fun while learning how an algorithm functions.
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4. The needs of the universities – Even primary schools are under pressure from the universities. Quality assurance programmes such as ‘Klassencockpit’ and ‘Lernlupe’ enable teachers to compare the performance of their own class against a representative sample.
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5. Outcomes, not origins – Researchers are critical of the fact that selection at schools still reflects the origins of pupils, not their actual abilities.
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6. Evaluation – The Swiss education authorities have become professionalised in recent decades. School head teachers now give teachers feedback about their teaching, and outside experts appointed by the state make school visits.
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7. Holistic support – In collaboration with teachers and parents, school psychologists, social workers and other experts try to solve any pending problems during regular performance reviews.
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8. Media presence – Society is keeping a sharp eye on schools. If a pupil refuses to shake a teacher’s hand, it can cause national headlines, as can allowing children to stay away from school on Muslim holidays.
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9. Coordinating everything – Teachers have to cope with all kinds of demands – from engaging with parents to self-reflection. To make this work, there has to be more cooperation.
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10. Day-care facilities – These days, mothers and fathers both work. So some cantons insist on day-care facilities being made available.
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11. Literacy problems – PISA studies have shown that literacy levels among young people in Switzerland are decreasing. So promoting literacy is a prime goal for schools.
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12. Health – Children should eat a balanced diet and get a lot of exercise. Nationwide initiatives in Switzerland are helping to standardise and monitor the BMI of children at school.
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13. Extracurricular learning – During project weeks – such as on the topic of the ‘circus’ – children can learn new skills for the outside world.
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14. Lawyers – Some parents want to control everything and even threaten schools with legal action if their children don’t get the marks they think they should.
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15. Freedom on the playground – Children should take on responsibility. In ‘peer-mentoring’, older children work as peace-makers or Samaritans.