Ilustration: Bodara

This is the proportion of researchers in Europe who have little or no confidence in their institution maintaining a high level of research integrity. Only 34 percent have complete confidence or a great deal of confidence in their organisation in this regard, according to a report published in January 2023 by Nature Index. Confidence was somewhat higher in the USA. This survey was sent to more than 60,000 researchers. The biggest problem mentioned by respondents concerned researchers who are listed as co-authors of an article when they haven’t actually contributed properly to it – a phenomenon that is called ‘gift authorship’.